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Umber,
I would venture to say modern soldiers may carry as much as the Roman's of old. Our rucks often weighed between 80 - 120lbs and no less than 40. Then add the LBE, helmet, weapon, and body armor and you see it gets pretty heavy. As a rule we trained to ruck around 20 - 30 miles and I'd bet the Romans did the same.
Typical guideline for Roman soldiers was 60 pounds of gear and armor not including weapons.
And a marching day usually fell between 15 and 18 miles, though they could go further when in a hurry.
You can probably chalk much of the difference up to differences in physical fitness, and in gear allowing for better weight distribution.
Yup, pretty close it seems. The norm for a ruck is probably close to 60lbs. My rucks were heavier because of the type of unit I was in. We were also much better trained and in better rucking condition. This isn't to say a normal soldier wasn't in good shape, quite the contrary. It's just that we trained to ruck a lot.
So, it's probably fairly close in weight and you are correct in that we've learned how to distribute the weight better. The Romans were a great army. Best of their time. Well trained and well equipped. I guess that's why they lasted so long in one form or another.
Roman military was great at what they did. If the found a enemy that had an advantage they would find a way to incorporate it into their army for their advantage or find a way to over come it. Marching miles upon miles a day was nothing. They did things a certain way to be the best and trained to be the best too.