Yes, Russia is suffering the same problem as the USSR, they don't really produce much. They have scads of natural resources that they send to countries that do produce things, but the prices of natural resources fluctuate so much that basing an economy off of them is a disaster that already happened. So, by getting stuck in Syria's quagmire they are spending money they don't have. We'll see how long this can last.
Let the Russians have Syria, once they start encountering those jihadists making targets of their troops they'll eventually leave like they did in Afghanistan.
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They are completely different environment and different people too. Comparing them would be like apples and Cadillacs, completely different. I don't think the Russians would leave Syria all that quickly. It is too strategically important. And, they won't bleed like hey did in Afghanistan.
Even if they had a port on the Mediterranean sea I doubt that will be a reason to stay in Syria. As long as they have a status with the Syrian leadership like they do now they should have no issues having a port of call there at any time. Now if things go south for them with Syria as it still could any base or presence they still have in Syria would become a target.
Agreed, if it goes south they will drop Syria like a hot potato. As for the port of call, I don't think they're looking for that. They are looking for a base they can develop to accept a Mediterranean squadron full time. Much like we have Naples in Italy and Souda Bay on Crete. It would be a point of honor for him. Plus, an air base would allow him to contest the eastern Med if he felt the need.